corrosion of refractories in lead smelting reactors
Lead smeltingWikipedia
Plants for the production of lead are generally referred to as lead smelters.Primary lead production clarification needed begins with sintering.Concentrated lead ore is fed into a sintering machine with iron silica limestone fluxes coke soda ash pyrite zinc caustics or pollution control particulates. Smelting uses suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing
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An Anatomy of Furnace Refractory Erosion Evidence from
This paper describes aspects of their corrosion and erosion. It offers explanations for what happened to them and it draws some lessons regarding the choice of refractories in certain applications. MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS The campaigns involved the smelting of siliceous materials at conditions designed to minimize the reduction of
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Primary AluminumHarbisonWalker International Refractory
Download Refractory Solutions for Aluminum Brochure. Primary Aluminum Refractory Solutions. As a primary supplier to some of the world s largest aluminum producers HarbisonWalker International has the process knowledge proven refractory products and solutions that deliver energy savings increased campaign life and efficiency within a primary aluminum plant.
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Corrosion Resistances of Cr-Free Refractories to Copper
These refractory materials were also tested by reactions with industrial copper smelting slag under the same conditions. The corrosion resistances of different refractory materials to the slag and changes of the morphologies after the high temperature experiments were analysed and compared. The present studies will lead to the development and
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Corrosion resistances of Cr-free refractories to copper
The corrosion resistances of different refractory materials to the slag and changes of the morphologies after the high temperature experiments were analysed and compared. The present studies will lead to the development and applications of Cr-free refractories in copper industry and reduce the potential hazards to the environment and cost of
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Corrosion Behavior of Alumina Containing Refractory in
practical production which may lead to more serious corro-sion of refractory. 8 9) However the influence and mechanism of CaF 2-containing blast furnace slag on the corrosion of blast furnace hearth refractory has not been well illustrated. Therefore the corrosion behavior of refractories in such complex slag should be further explored.
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Understanding refractory failUres in fired heaters a guide
which can lead to energy wastage poor performance and in some extreme cases complete fired heater shutdown. The effect of a shutdown especially an un-planned one can cost an end user over 1MM/day in lost production. ecognizing the r refractory lining might only account for roughly 5 of a total
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Slag attack resistance of castable refractories for the
Abstract. This paper provides an evaluation of commercial castable refractories by the crucible corrosion test for possible use in secondary lead smelting short rotary furnace one mullite-zirconia fused grain and two alumina-chrome based on white and brown fused alumina were compared to five commercial burned magnesia-chromite bricks.
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Selection of Proper Refractory Materials for Energy Saving
Jan 06 2012 · 4. Corrosion and Metal Penetration The main problem associated with aluminum melting and holding furnaces is the corrosiveness of molten aluminum and its alloying elements. The corrosion of alumino-silicate refractories by molten aluminum generally leads to the formation of an alumina deposit on the refractory.
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Lead smeltingWikipedia
Plants for the production of lead are generally referred to as lead smelters.Primary lead production clarification needed begins with sintering.Concentrated lead ore is fed into a sintering machine with iron silica limestone fluxes coke soda ash pyrite zinc caustics or pollution control particulates. Smelting uses suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing
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Corrosion of refractories and ceramic materials
Refractory materials Magnesite (>60 MgO) Steel furnaces Magnesia-carbon High wear resistance in steel industry Chrome-magnesite Wall lining in Siemens-Martin steel furnaces Magnesia-alumina Cement furnace linings crucible linings for steel Dl itDolomite (CMCaMg)(CO 3) Sl i t t li iSlag resistant lining Forsterite (2MgO-SiO 2) Furnace lining Chamotte Cheap lining mediumCheap lining medium
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Thermochem
Lead winning by smelting of battery scrap process optimization including gas cleaning system by implementation of a two-step post-combustion reactor Stability of different ceramics in different metallurgical smelting reactors Refractory wear in an arc furnace for rock-wool production refractory wear and material corrosion during
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Internal Insulation and Corrosion Control of Molten
Despite higher thermal stability molten chlorides present several unique challenges including the design of internal refractory-ceramic liners to prevent the corrosion and thermal stress of alloy tank shells. This work discusses issues and potential solutions related to containment of molten chloride salt specifically the optimization of the
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Ton WolfertSenior materials and corrosion engineer
Refractory application in the non ferrous metals industry (Fe-Ni smelting lead smelting titanium Development work on new refractory materials on the basis of MgO and Al2O3 Marketing support for Billiton Refractories a producer of high grade dead burned magnesia for application in refractory materials (steel and cement industry).
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Refractory Challenges in Lead Recycling Furnaces Request PDF
The refractory linings in lead furnaces are exposed to several stresses rather complex in their interaction. In the present study the magnesia-chromite brick out of a lead recycling furnace
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Common causes of refractory failure Engineer Live
Refractory materials and lining reliability are key to increasing the performance of fired heaters incinerators kilns and reactors across a range of industries. Not only can the right refractory lining optimise production yield and minimise energy costs but it can also enable consistent high performance of a furnace over the lifecycle of the
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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PROCESS OPTIMIZATION Kingston
A number of projects have been performed at KPM in smelting of copper nickel ferro-nickel iron and lead with a focus on slag chemistry property measurements reaction kinetics impurity deportment and arsenic control. Sample projects include Reduction of SO 2 generation during nickel smelting
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Lead smeltingWikipedia
Plants for the production of lead are generally referred to as lead smelters.Primary lead production clarification needed begins with sintering.Concentrated lead ore is fed into a sintering machine with iron silica limestone fluxes coke soda ash pyrite zinc caustics or pollution control particulates. Smelting uses suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing
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Understanding of the corrosion resistance of refractory
Understanding of the corrosion resistance of refractory materials for converter lining (1) The composition of molten iron has a significant effect on the life of the refractory lining especially the content of silicon phosphorus and sulfur. Increasing the FeO content in the slag will lead to increased erosion of the refractory of the
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An Anatomy of Furnace Refractory Erosion Evidence from
This paper describes aspects of their corrosion and erosion. It offers explanations for what happened to them and it draws some lessons regarding the choice of refractories in certain applications. MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS The campaigns involved the smelting of siliceous materials at conditions designed to minimize the reduction of
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The damage mechanism of refractory materials furnace lining
The damage mechanism of refractory materials furnace lining . The chemical composition and the damage mechanism of ramming mass mineral structure There is a close relationship between the copper smelting process of some very complex factors so to completely clear in theory is almost impossible.Over the decades people have done a lot of research on the high temperature physical
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Corrosion of basic refactories in non-ferrous converters
In the present study the corrosion behaviour of several magnesia-chrome (MC) and magnesia-alumina spinel (MA) bricks against fayalite type slags was investigated and the role of the spinel phases was highlighted . The experimental results revealed that the corrosion resistance of the MC bricks was superior to the MA bricks against KIVCET slags in static and dynamic conditions . As a result of
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Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces
Jun 01 2015 · In the non-ferrous metals industry particularly in lead smelting furnaces magnesia-chromite bricks are the preferred refractory choice due to their high corrosion resistance.
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Refractory Challenges in Lead Recycling Furnaces
Feb 09 2017 · L. Wei Corrosion of Refractories in lead smelting reactors. E. Jak The effect of phase formation during use on the chemical corrosion of magnesia-chromite refractories in contact with a nonferrous PbSiO 2 based slag. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34(1599) 1599–1610 (2014)
Chat OnlineCorrosion of copper coolers in PGM smelters
CORROSION OF COPPER COOLERS IN PGM SMELTERS 187 Introduction Corrosion problems are associated with copper coolers in all platinum group metal (PGM) smelting furnaces that treat uncalcined concentrates1. Corrosion rates of copper coolers in excess of 60 mm/y were observed on the slag-charge interface level of a PGM smelter1 2 3. Sulphidation of
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The Role of Graphite in Refractories such as Al2O3/MgO/C
refractory and slag film. Corrosion mechanism of AC refractories in the smelting reduction melts with iron bath 1. graphite oxidization 2. deteriorative layer formation. The deteriorative layer of Al 2 O 3-C refractory was corroded greatly by the smelting reduction melts. Lot of new compounds formed by reaction with slag such as CaSiO 3 TiO
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For power plants whose operating temperature is above 150°F the key to preventing most plate and pipe corrosion issues is to properly protect them from water. Water is the medium that causes the electrochemical mechanism to occur that leads to pitting and eventually to holes or cracks on the substrate surface.
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practical production which may lead to more serious corro-sion of refractory. 8 9) However the influence and mechanism of CaF 2-containing blast furnace slag on the corrosion of blast furnace hearth refractory has not been well illustrated. Therefore the corrosion behavior of refractories in such complex slag should be further explored.
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ITP Materials Novel Ceramic and Refractory Components
Novel Ceramic and Refractory Components Improve Aluminum Melting and Casting March 2006 Molten aluminum is a corrosive material that produces intense heat during smelting and casting processes causing ceramic and refractory components to suffer thermal shock erosion wetting and corrosion. These problems increase costs by degrading and
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Thermodynamic simulation of the effect of slag chemistry
The corrosion behavior of alumina-chromia refractory against two kinds of industrial slags (coal slag and iron smelting slag) at 1550°C was investigated via thermodynamic simulations. In the proposed simulation model the initial slag first attacks the matrix and surface aggregates and subsequently attacks the inner aggregates. The simulation results indicate that the slag chemistry strongly
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